These presentations were given at a pay-for-performance scientific workshop held in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, in November 2015. The workshop was co-hosted by RESYST, the Ifakara Health Institute, CMI and the Institute of Tropical medicine in Antwerp.  Many experts see the introduction of results based financing (RBF) or pay-for-performance (P4P) schemes as an opportunity to strengthen, or even reform, health systems; however, they are also a potential source of new risks and challenges that are not well understood. This three-day workshop brought together programme managers, policymakers and researchers to explore the health system effects of P4P schemes.

• Pay-for-Performance and Distributional Effects in Tanzania: A Supply-side Assessment Peter Binyaruka
• Understanding the causal pathways within health systems policy evaluation through mediation analysis: an application to payment for performance (P4P) in Tanzania Laura Anselmi et al.
• Measuring Quality of Care in Tanzania Peter Binyaruka
• Do financial incentives undermine health workers intrinisic motivation? Josephine Borghi et al.
• Longitudinal research tracking the financing of peripheral public health care facilities in Kenya Evelyn Waweru
• Tracking implementation and (un)intended consequences of peripheral health facility financing mechanisms in Kenya Evelyn Waweru
• Signs of P4P enhanced functioning of accountability in the health system: experience from Pwani Pay for Performance (P4P) pilot Iddy Mayumana